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Lighting

ISO

A camera setting that controls the sensor's sensitivity to light, with higher values producing brighter images but more noise.

ISO originated from film speed ratings where higher ISO film was more sensitive to light but produced more visible grain. Digital ISO works similarly — raising ISO amplifies the sensor signal, brightening the image but also amplifying noise. Low ISO values like 100-400 produce clean images with minimal noise. High ISO values like 3200-12800 enable shooting in dim conditions but introduce visible noise that degrades detail and color accuracy. Modern cameras have improved high-ISO performance dramatically, but noise remains a fundamental trade-off. AI denoising tools like those in Magic Eraser can clean up high-ISO noise in post-processing, recovering detail that would otherwise be lost to noise artifacts.

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